Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Essay - 1769 Words

Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Assessment 1 Nessa’s Bar Report Course Code: BS1D75 Student Number: 08154619, 09046100, 09030883, 09046577, 09047735 Contents Page †¢ 1.1.1 Problem – Poor Organisation on Purchasing and Supply†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¢ 1.1.2 Solution - Poor Organisation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢ 1.2.1 Problem - Purchasing Policy Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢ 1.2.1 Solutions - Purchasing Policy Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¢ 1.3.1 Problem - Poor Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢ 1.3.2Solution - Poor Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¢ 1.4.1 Problem - Costs/ Expenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢ 1.4.2 Solution - Costs/ Expenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¢ 2.0 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¢ 3.0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢ 4.0†¦show more content†¦Some suppliers expect cash on receipt of goods and this can cause a cash flow problem. Negative word of mouth may be passed around trade fairs or board meetings, which will have a negative impact on suppliers considering entering in to business with `Nessa’s Bar’. 1.2.2 Solutions - Purchasing Policy Procedures A solution to this problem could be a change in the purchasing procedure of the company. â€Å"In a mechanistic structure, authority is centralised at the summit of the managerial hierarchy and vertical authority is use to control human and material resources. Mechanistic structures operate most effectively in stable environments.† (Lysons, P158) A management structure needs to be established in which everyone understands their role within the company. Also a system for dealing with paperwork needs to be organised so that a good relationship can be developed between the company and its suppliers. 1.3.1 Problem - Poor Management The company wastes a great deal of time on low value goods. Security is very expensive but necessary. The bar employs its own cleaning staff and purchase cleaning materials as needed but these disappear from the stockroom as there is no inventory method in place to control the use of these items. All members of staff have access to the stockroom and as there is no organisation there is noShow MoreRelatedPurchasing and Supply Chain Management2029 Words   |  9 PagesName : Rehen Padayachee Student No. : 71511547 Programme in Purchasing and Supply Management Module : PPSM015 – Semester 1 Assignment 01 The fundamental management tasks that I will look at is planning and organizing. Planning Planning is the fundamental element of management that predetermines what the business proposes to accomplish and how it intends realizing its goals. 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Trans And Transgender An Umbrella Term - 931 Words

Trans or transgender is an umbrella term used to describe those who move away from and do not identify with the gender that they were born. It encompasses all people who do not fit into a binary conception of gender identity or expression. It is a group with diverse identities and expressions, and that differ from stereotypical gender norms. Some transgender choose to modify their bodies to varying degrees, whether through surgeries, or hormone therapies, while others choose to live without surgical intervention, and change their body and behavior in other ways, and live as their chosen gender (Houghtaling, Melissa 2015). The most important thing to note is that transgender is not a reference to one’s sexual identity, or preference, but it is more about ones gender expression, which refers to a presentation of a person’s behaviors, interests, and/or affinities that are considered feminine, masculine, or some combination thereof (Serano, Julia. 2007). 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Implementation Challenges Emission Trading Schemes

Question: Discuss about the Implementation Challenges : Emission Trading Schemes. Answer: Introduction The assignment deals with the Qantas Airways limited, an Australian based company. The report presents an overview of the organisation. The comprehensive situation analysis of the organisation involves the analysis of the environmental forces influencing the organisation and the market it is currently operating in. Further, the paper presents the SWOT analysis of the organisation. Based on the internal and external analysis the paper defines the problem faced by the organisation. The report discusses the strategic alternatives for the organisation using Ansoffs matrix. Lastly, the report recommends strategic options for the organisations based on the analysis. Overview of the organisation Qantas Airways limited is the largest Australian based airlines dominating the countrys domestic market with 65% market share. Founded in 1920, it is the third oldest airline in the world. Qantas refers to aerial services in Queensland and Northern territory (Lucarelli 2014). The major aviation hub of the company is Sydney from which the airlines operates out and connects to all the major airports across the world. The airlines offers range of services to its international and domestic passengers. The mission statement of Qantas is to accomplish the goal of being the leader in the airline industry. To achieve its corporate mission the airlines employs all types of business strategies such as cost differentiation or leadership that are different from other airlines (Mules 2013). The Qantas problem statement is- with the increasing cost the competition in airline industry is also high. It may in turn push the customers to seek alternate options which may severely impact its business. For example, Singapore Airlines and Qatar Airways cover more routes at a lesser cost. Therefore, the business must become more profitable, efficient, and competitive in the domestic market (Lucarelli 2014). PESTEL- analysis of macro environment Political- the possibility of being hijacked is negatively affecting the business after the hijack of Malaysian airlines (De et al. 2014). The restrictions imposed on capital ownership may negatively impact the investors and the working policies. Due to internationally favourable trading policies Qantas can break trade barriers by following bilateral, multilateral, and regional trade policies (Jayasuriya and Cannon 2015). Economic- In order to increase the fuel buying powers Qantas has to employ non-monetary method as there is a fluctuation in oil prices. It needs airlines to buy large quantities of fuel by creating contractual agreements with oil suppliers. Low rate of employment in Australia is increasing the burden of cost of recruiting people from overseas. The Global Financial Crisis is the major crippling factor of economy (Zuidberg 2014). Social- Due to operations of committed pressure groups in Australia, Qantas have to deal with corporate social responsibility factors with great effort. Qantas can tap new customers by exploiting social media. Australians have high purchasing power parity which is currently not favoured by Qantas (Mizrachi and Sellitto 2015). Environment- Emissions from the aircraft significantly damage the atmosphere. It leads to air and noise pollution. Technological- Technological With the help of e-commerce it is far easier to reach the customers with services like ticketless travel. It has improved the communication system with the customers (Mizrachi and Sellitto 2015) Legal factors Negative impact on the aviation industry due to carbon tax. Therefore, travellers need to pay extra in tickets to offset costs. Further, unfair advantage due to government subsidies that are lower than the market conditions influence airlines negatively (Van Zeben 2015). Analysis of micro-environment The three main elements of micro-environment are- Competitors- Intensity of competition in airlines has been rising due to acquisitions, mergers and subsidiaries. British Airways and Singapore Airlines are threatening the market share of Qantas by providing high customers service at low price (Belobaba et al. 2015). Customers- Customers tend to opt for same services that are of high quality and are cheap. With the advancement in technology, customers tend to compare the services of different airlines using Sky Scanner. Since they have low switching cost they have high power to bargain. Suppliers- The main suppliers of Qantas that is Airbus and Boeing have less influence on fuel price. Since Qantas is highly dependent on the oil prices to maintain its profit margins, it is increasing the bargaining power of the limited suppliers (Lucarelli 2014). SWOT analysis Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats Adoption of new technology is attracting the customers for example use of Mobile Check-in service for 2D barcode image which in turn sends notification to the customers mobile; good connectivity across the world; Best operational facilities in the class; High brand value recognition Disputes with major union in Australia; Increased operational cost Inappropriate management after merging with British airways Only 13 internatuioanl flights Qantas recruits overseas human resources for its engineering and the maintenance department but does not provide adequate training and development programs. Therefore, they may, lack required knowledge and qualification to maintain aircraft; damage the brand image and customer loyalty; Engineers strike for holidays which can affect the companys safety first strategy. Can operate into more inland domestic and international routes; Increase travels by exploiting social media and offer loyalty bonus to its customers When competition is huge it can increase its Jet star operations (low cost airline of Qantas) Current situation may be effected due to changes in Fuel prices, fluctuating political situation, environmental problems, economic crisis and deregulation. Rise in cost may affect the passengers frequency of travel by aeroplane which may affect the business revenue. Deregulation may push Qantas to focus on low cost rather than safety and services. (Source: Lucarelli 2014) Define organisations problem Based on the analysis the threats commonly effecting Qantas includes low cost airlines, fuel cost, employment crisis, and alternative transportations. The suppliers do not have much control over the fuel prices. As operators are highly competing with each other in terms of price there is an intense increase in rivalry. Since there are many alternatives of transportation such as bus and car there is an increasing number of substitutes although not very effective. It is in turn increasing the buying power of the customers. The competitors are following the foots steps of Qantas in employing its two brand strategy that is establishing its low cost Jester. It helps to gain competitive advantage in the market. Therefore, Qantas must adopt alternate strategies to sideline the competition in the market. Ansoffs matrix For developing its growth strategies, Qantas can adopt a tool such as Ansoffs product/market expansion grid. Ansoffs matrix provides strategic alternatives for accomplishing the organisational objectives. The four main areas of Ansoffs matrix are- Market Penetration As the existing products of the Qantas airlines are marketed to its present customers, the company can increase its revenue by repositioning its brand, promoting the product and so on. The company however, do not seek any new customers as the product is not altered (Lucarelli 2014). Market Development The company cannot develop its market without marketing the existing products in the new region. The same products when marketed to the new audience it leads to market development (Gegg et al. 2014). Product Development Quantas existing customers requires new products. Therefore, the organisation must replace the existing products with the new and innovative ones such as high speed Wi-Fi connectivity and Smartphone support in cabin. When the existing models of the products are updated at cheaper price than its competitors and marketed it leads to the product development. It can focus more on economy class rather than first class (Jayasuriya and Cannon 2015). Diversification Diversification is achieved when new products are marketed to the new customers. Qantas can achieve related diversification by introducing new products in the familiar market for maintaining profit margin example low and premium fares, short and long haul, business and leisure or investment in rail business (Mules 2013). Recommendations There is need of installing modern devices such that aircraft produces less pollution. To increase the productivity Qantas must use advance technology in remodelling its aircraft. Increased use of IT ensures higher operational efficiency (Wallace and Omachar 2016). Qantas may employ lucrative and low pricing strategy (Zuidberg 2014). It must increase the international routes to overcome competition with Singapore airlines and Qatar airlines. Qantas must capture new markets as there is increasing number of immigrants. It must increase the training and development programs for creating highly competent workforce and recruit best engineering that can fulfil the customers satisfaction and preserve the companys objectives. Therefore, it needs to invest huge money for which it needs to maintain stable financial situation both in present and the future. Another way to make the passengers happy is through alliance (He and Balmer 2017). Qantas must collaborate with both domestic and internati onal companies for example popular hotels. It must employ strategic schedule planning to prevent delays (Wu 2016). De-regulation being one of the potential fallout adopting a corporate level strategy will be the long term approach that can focus on cost reduction. It must employ a business level strategy that focuses on need for differentiation and greater sharing of the wallet schemes. It is the only way it can respond to the external environment and succeed (Wensveen 2016). Conclusion Qantas Airways Limited has successful business strategies. It has strong brand reputation in the global due to its customer friendly services and advance technology, and emphasise on customer safety first. It also applies its core competencies to address customer needs However, it needs to focus on its weaknesses to overcome domestic and international competition. It needs to adopt strategic options to improve its market share, brand loyalty and high quality standards to accomplish its mission objectives. References Belobaba, P., Odoni, A. and Barnhart, C., 2015.The global airline industry. John Wiley Sons. De Fu, S.C., Tse, P.P., Mathivanan, G. and Chaidaroon, S.S., 2014. Caught in The Air: Suspension of Tiger Airways Domestic Flights in Australia Implications for Stakeholder Management.NIDA Case Research Journal,6(2), pp.129-140. Gegg, P., Budd, L. and Ison, S., 2014. The market development of aviation biofuel: Drivers and constraints.Journal of Air Transport Management,39, pp.34-40. He, H.W. and Balmer, J.M., 2017. Alliance Brands: Building Corporate Brands through Strategic Alliances?. InAdvances in Corporate Branding(pp. 72-90). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Jayasuriya, K. and Cannon, D., 2015. State transformation and resource politics: Australia and the regional political economy.The Pacific Review,28(3), pp.391-410. Lucarelli, G., 2014. The corporate strategy of Qantas Airways. A case study. Mizrachi, I. and Sellitto, C., 2015. Building a Facebook Strategy: Some Insights From Australian Accommodation Small Tourism Enterprises (STEs).Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality Tourism,16(1), pp.63-79. Mules, R., 2013. The long haul: The QANTAS-Emirates Alliance.Busidate,21(3), p.2. Van Zeben, J.A., 2015. Implementation Challenges for Emission Trading Schemes: The Role of Litigation.2016), Research Handbook on Emissions Trading, Environmental Law Series, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Wallace, A. and Omachar, A.E., 2016. Effects of Green Procurement Practices on Operational Efficiency at Kenya Airways Limited, Kenya.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(7). Wensveen, J.G., 2016.Air transportation: A management perspective. Routledge. Wu, C.L., 2016.Airline operations and delay management: insights from airline economics, networks and strategic schedule planning. Routledge. Zuidberg, J., 2014. Identifying airline cost economies: An econometric analysis of the factors affecting aircraft operating costs.Journal of Air Transport Management,40, pp.86-95.

Pedro Noguera’s “Unequal Outcomes, Unequal Opportunities Closing the Achievement Gap in Berkeley” and Tracking Essay Example

Pedro Noguera’s â€Å"Unequal Outcomes, Unequal Opportunities: Closing the Achievement Gap in Berkeley† and Tracking Essay Fabienne Germain Professor Massey EDU 301 Tracking Paper In Pedro Noguera’s â€Å"Unequal Outcomes, Unequal Opportunities: Closing the Achievement Gap in Berkeley† and the video â€Å"Off Track: Classroom Privilege for All†, both the video and the article talks about the negativities of the tracking system in the schools. They get into how the tracking system has divided the students in ways that we didn’t realize. Both the article and video shows how the students are put in this tracking system where not all students benefit in. There are some students, mostly minority students are put in lower level courses that is not beneficial to them or helps them reach their full potential. For a long time this tracking system has been here in many schools but yet there has not been any changes made to stop this tracking system from continuing in the schools. There are many factors that lie behind this system that would make it difficult for anyone to stop this problem. In the video â€Å"Off Track: Classroom Privilege for All†, the students and teachers of Montclair High school talks about the effects tracking has towards the students. We will write a custom essay sample on Pedro Noguera’s â€Å"Unequal Outcomes, Unequal Opportunities: Closing the Achievement Gap in Berkeley† and Tracking specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pedro Noguera’s â€Å"Unequal Outcomes, Unequal Opportunities: Closing the Achievement Gap in Berkeley† and Tracking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pedro Noguera’s â€Å"Unequal Outcomes, Unequal Opportunities: Closing the Achievement Gap in Berkeley† and Tracking specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There are students and parents that don’t realize that the students are being tracked in the schools. For minority students, the concept of them being in the lower level seems to come natural for them. They become used to the fact that if you were a student of color or from a lower economic background, you belonged in those lower levels. If you were white or had a higher economic background, you were more likely to be in the higher level courses. While looking at the video, there are students that are concerned about how they are being leveled in the school because they are being deprived from getting the education that they need. There are students in the video that complain that they are put in the lower levels and the teachers and administrators of the schools think that they are not capable of doing work that the higher level students are doing. One of the students says that there is a â€Å"race division† in the school. No matter how unfair the tracking system is, it’s not going to be changed because everyone is used to it. While I was watching the video, there were some quotes that came up that interest me. One of the quotes in the video says, â€Å"For a school to be culturally responsive, the curriculum has to reflect the various cultures within its student body†¦the curriculum has to reflect its student body, its town, its world. † This quote caught my attention because students should be able to feel connected with the curriculum being taught to them. To feel connected, the student must relate to what they are being taught. That is where the teachers come in. The teacher doesn’t only need to stick with what is written in a textbook. If the teacher is about to make the student visualize the topic through things that is current in their lives, the students would be more likely to understand what is being said to them. Students always wonder about how they can relate with what the teacher is teaching them. They become bored when they see the teacher continues to lecture them. There are students that don’t mind the lecture because they feel as if they need to listen to the lecture to get a good grade. Some students struggle with the curriculum because they aren’t interested in what the teacher is telling them. Because they aren’t interested, they tend not to pay attention which leads to them not doing well in school. In Montclair High School, the students that are affected by tracking struggle to keep up their grades no matter what level they are in. The students in the lower levels want to be able to connect with the curriculum they are being taught just like the students in the higher levels. In the article, â€Å"Unequal Outcomes, Unequal Opportunities: Closing the Achievement Gap in Berkeley†, Pedro Noguera talks about the negative outcomes of tracking in Berkeley High School in California. The students at Berkeley are separated because for a long time the school has been putting the students through a tracking system that isn’t necessary. Noguera says in the article that there are two schools within one school. There are different academic levels in the school which separates the students racially and economically. The upper level students consist of majority white students, Asians, and students of high economic status. The African American, Latinos, and low income students are in the lower levels. As we can see, the minority groups have always struggled in the education aspect. It is not like they aren’t capable of doing the same work the upper level students are doing. Some students are placed in those lower levels because of standardized testing. Some are put in the lower levels because they are so used to being so they don’t even try to perform well in school. Some of the students don’t even have someone to fight for the right for them to get equal education and say that they don’t deserve to be in those levels. This causes them to have a disadvantage and the problems stay the same. The students in Berkeley high has gotten used to the fact the African American and Latino has always trailed behind the White students when it comes with school. People assume that because the minority students come from families that have low incomes and some have families that don’t have that much education, they automatically think they are incapable of being in a higher level. Due to that assumption, Black and Latino students tend not try to prove them wrong. They feed into the assumption and they give up on trying to do better than what they are expected of them. As for the teachers and the parents, they don’t give any effort in trying to change what’s going on. They just leave it alone and go by â€Å"it’s normal† excuse while the percentage of minorities passing school decreases each year. The White students in Berkeley High School have more of an advantage then most of the Black, Latino and other minority groups. The white students have the support of the teachers and their parents. The parents has gone to teacher parent meetings, board meetings and just been involved with their child’s academics. While the minorities choose electives like sports or art, white students and their parents choose electives like a language or another math or English course. They get themselves well prepared for college intellectually and graduate on top of their class. They have opportunities in front of them because the white students have teachers and parents that take the time to invest more in their future. The Black and Latino students don’t have as much support as they are supposed to for them to do better. That is why some of the minority students lack motivation and confidence in themselves to do better in school and achieve an education. It is up to the teachers and parents that care to step up and try to change the system of the school. Minority parents are misrepresented in the school because they don’t participate in the school forums and meetings. That is why teachers need to step and get some of the parents together and demand a change for the students so the students can graduate and be well prepared for college. Tracking is a very serious issue in schools today. I went through the tracking system which was horrible for me. I had AP courses and some regular courses, however, I had to try the best that I could in order for me to do better. My parents didn’t finish college, however, they were smart enough to help me with through school and motivate me. When reading the article and watching the video, I automatically thought about when I was in high school. The upper students had majority white students. There were Asian, Black, and Latinos in the upper level but there were a small percentage of them. The students in the level that were average had more of a mixed amount of student, however, more minorities. The lower levels were majority Black, Latino and a small percentage of white students that came from low income families. My school was very diverse because everyone was friends with everyone, however, academically, you could see the division between the students. It wasn’t fair to a lot of the students because many students were deprived from learning certain things because of the level they were in. Just like in Berkeley and in Montclair, it seems like something that was normal because we all got used to it. Every student should be able to learn as much as they want. They shouldn’t be limited in what they are learning because of the level they are in, racial background or economic status. At the end of the day, everyone is going to have to experience how the real world is and everyone needs an education in order to get where they are going. And in the world, there are no limits in how much you can learn so there shouldn’t be a limit in school.